欧内斯特·亨利·威尔逊（Ernest Henry Wilson，1876年2月15日—1930年10月15日）是19世纪末和20世纪初活跃在中国、美国和英国的植物学家、探险家、摄影家、植物采集人和作家。威尔逊在1913年第一次出版《一个博物学家在华西》(A Naturalist in Western China)的专著中声称：他“带着植物采集箱、照相机和猎枪，开始在遥远的花卉王国进行了为期十一年的探寻和考察征程”。他先后4次到访中国大陆采集和引种植物，在这4次植物探寻征程中，威尔逊每一次都要先到宜昌。在植物采集生涯中,宜昌对威尔逊来说具有“天时、地利、人和”的得天独厚条件。他从宜昌打开了进入“中国西部花园”的大门。从此，宜昌的名字在世界植物学界占据了极其重要的位置。

Ernest Henry Wilson (February 15, 1876 – October 15, 1930) was a botanist, explorer, photographer, plant collector, and writer who was active in China, the United States, and the United Kingdom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In his monograph A Naturalist in Western China, first published in 1913, Wilson claimed that he “set out on an eleven – year journey of exploration and investigation in the distant flower kingdom, equipped with a plant collecting box, a camera, and a shotgun.”He visited mainland China four times to collect and introduce plants. On each of these four plant – seeking expeditions, Wilson would first come to Yichang. During his plant – collecting career, Yichang provided Wilson with unique and favorable conditions in terms of “timing, location, and human harmony”. He opened the door to the “Western China Garden” from Yichang. Since then, Yichang has held an extremely important position in the world’s botanical community.